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专题二　需要“变形”的名词、形容词和副词　

第五讲　形容词和副词

1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ·语法填空)Landing on the moon&39;s far side is________(extreme)challenging.

解析：考查副词。句意：登陆月球的背面是极具挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。

答案：extremely

2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ·语法填空)________(certain)during the holiday period，this plant is a must.

解析：考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。

答案：Certainly

3．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ·语法填空)The________(beauty)long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾)make fantastic decorations.

解析：考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词

branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。

答案：beautiful

4．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ·语法填空)As the small boat moved，________(gentle)along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.

解析：考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地。”故填gently。

答案：gently

5．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ·语法填空)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait done so he called

all great artists to come and present their________(fine) work，so that he could choose the best.

解析：考查形容词最高级。根据句意及后文的“choose the best”可知，此处应用形容词最高级。

答案：finest

6．[2020·新高考卷Ⅰ(山东卷)·语法填空]In the 18th and 19th centuries，________(wealth)

people travelled and collected plants，historical objects and works of art.

解析：考查形容词。句意：在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。

答案：wealthy

7．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·语法填空)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been________(poor)studied；however，biologists calculate that there are

about 20，000－25，000 polar bears worldwide.

解析：考查副词。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。

答案：poorly

8．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·语法填空)Her years of hard work have________(final)been acknowledged

after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire&39;s Woman Of The Year.

解析：考查副词。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been

acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。

答案：finally

9．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ·语法填空)They also shared with us many________(tradition)stories about

Hawaii that were________(huge) popular with tourists.

解析：考查词性转换。第一个空位于名词stories前，判断应该用形容词作定语。故填traditional。

第二个空在句中位于形容词前，所以判断用副词作状语。故填hugely。

答案：traditional　hugely

10．(2019·全国Ⅰ·语法填空)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements，leading to the illusion(错觉)that populations are________(high)than they actually are.

解析：考查形容词比较级。根据其后“than they actually are”可知，此处需用形容词的比较级，故填higher。

答案：higher

11．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·语法填空)We are so proud of her.It&39;s________(wonder)．

解析：考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。根据前面的“We are so proud of her.”(我们为她感到骄傲和自豪)，分析本句可知空前面是系动词is，后面跟形容词作表语，故填wonderful。

答案：wonderful

12．(2019·浙江卷·语法填空)When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings，car drivers can________(easy)see them.

解析：考查副词。根据句中“can see them”可知，需用easy的副词形式来修饰动词，故填easily。

答案：easily

“三个关注点”化解形容词副词难题

关注点一：从句法功能上看，理清“修饰与被修饰”关系

形容词在句中主要作定语、表语和宾语补足语，常和名词、代词有关联；副词主要修饰动词、形容词和副词，也可在句首表状态。

[语法填空典例]　(2020·江西七校二次联考)I got a message from one of my teammates.It said，“We want to let you know that there are people who see and________(true)appreciate all your

hard work.”

分析：由句式可知空格处所填的词汇修饰动词appreciate，因此填true的副词形式truly。

关注点二：从句子结构上看，理清“比较级和最高级”

(1)看到than要想到比较级。

(2)看到but，and，or等连词前或后用比较等级形式，要考虑用比较等级。

(3)有时候比较级结构中并不出现than，而是根据语境判断出用比较级。

(4)准确掌握有关比较等级的固定句式，如the more...the more...等。

[语法填空典例]　Finally，that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is________

(clean) than ever.

分析：根据句尾的than可知此处用比较级，因此填cleaner。

关注点三：从“词性”变化上看，理清“词形”的变化特点

(1)词类转换的类型。

①当所给词为形容词时，除了比较等级外，需要考虑是否转化为副词或名词。

②当所给词为名词或动词时，有时需要考虑是否转化为形容词。

(2)熟悉“形容词＋ly”构成副词的规则。

[语法填空典例]　(2020·广东五校协作体联考)We want to ride on the wave of Wuzhen&39;s________(increase)hot tourism and improve our brand&39;s fame and sales.

分析：此处需要修饰形容词hot，因此用副词形式，所给词为动词形式，因此需要先变成形容词increasing“日益增长的”，然后再转化为副词increasingly。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)

1．(2020·湖南浏阳六校联考)Toasts are made to wish the new couple long life，everlasting love and happiness，early birth of a________(health)baby and so on.

2．(2020·海南儋州一次统测)Jin Yong achieved a________(great)success than any other

contemporary writer.

3．(2020·河南洛阳期中考试)Shenzhen is recognised as the________(young)city of China.

4．(2020·吉林市一次调研)If you take a nap during the day，especially if you take it too late in

the afternoon，you will actually release some of that sleepiness and it will make it much________(hard)to fall asleep and stay asleep soundly throughout the night.

5．(2020·安徽江淮十校二次联考)Although these adverts seem________(usual) to us now，

perhaps future generations may consider some of today&39;s ads to be just as strange.

6．(2020·海南儋州一次统测)His works have been________(wide)translated into many

languages including English，French，Korean and Japanese.

7．(2020·吉林市一次调研)So the advice is that if you don&39;t struggle with your sleep，you can

nap________(regular)—then naps are just fine.

8．(2020·湖北孝感一中、应城一中等五校期中联考)Both scenarios seemed________(equal)

possible.

9．(2020·安徽A10联盟阶段考试)You can________(easy) jump from one website to another.

10．(2020·山东师大附中五次模拟)It is the________(common)used language in China and

among the largest languages in the world.

1．解析：句意：人们向这对新人祝酒，祝愿他们白头到老，永远幸福，早生贵子，等等。考查形容词。设空处作定语、修饰名词baby，故填形容词healthy。

答案：healthy

2．解析：句意：金庸是最成功的当代作家。根据句中的介词than，可知设空处需填形容词great的比较级greater。

答案：greater

3．解析：句意：深圳是公认的中国最年轻的城市。根据常识及设空处前的定冠词the可推知设空处需填形容词最高级形式，故答案为youngest。

答案：youngest

4．解析：句意：如果你在白天打个盹，尤其是下午晚些时候打盹儿的话，你实际上会释放一些睡意，这会让你(夜晚)更难入睡，并且很难在整个晚上保持着良好的睡眠。much修饰形容词、副词比较级。根据设空处前的much可知设空处填形容词比较级形式harder。

答案：harder

5．解析：句意：虽然这些广告我们现在看起来似乎很特别，但是也许将来的人会认为我们如今的一些广告奇怪，本题考查形容词。根据上下文的逻辑关系尤其是本句中的形容词strange可知设空处表示“不寻常的”，根据提示词usual可知设空处填unusual。

答案：unusual

6．解析：句意：他的作品被广泛翻译成多种语言，包括英语、法语、韩语和日语。设空处作状语，修饰谓语have been translated，故填wide的副词形式widely。

答案：widely

7．解析：句意：所以建议是，如果你不会与睡觉做斗争，你可以有规律地小睡——小睡的效果恰到好处。考查副词。设空处作状语，修饰动词nap，需用副词形式，故答案为regularly。

答案：regularly

8．解析：句意：两种设想的可能性似乎是相同的。设空处作状语，表示程度，修饰形容词

possible，故填equally。

答案：equally

9．解析：句意：你可以轻松地从一个网站跳到另一个网站。考查副词。设空处作状语，修饰动词

jump，需用副词，故答案为easily。

答案：easily

10．解析：句意：它是在中国使用最普遍的语言，也是世界上最大的语种之一。设空处作used的状语，故填副词。根据本句中“the largest”可知设空处需填副词最高级，故填most commonly。

答案：most commonly